![]() Zellweger syndrome (ZS), neonatal adrenoleukodystrophy (NALD), infantile Refsum disease, and rhizomelic chondrodysplasia punctata are characterized by a strong reduction in number and size or even complete absence of peroxisomes and are syndromes not compatible with life or normal development. The indispensable role of peroxisomes is stressed by the fatal consequences of the mutations inactivating peroxisomal proteins essential for biogenesis and matrix and membrane protein import: the human diseases known as peroxisome biogenesis disorders (PBD) ( Wanders 2004). Peroxisome, endoplasmic reticulum, functional genomics, peroxisomal markers Introduction Finally, we deliver evidence against a prokaryotic ancestor of peroxisomes: (1) the peroxisomal membrane is composed of purely eukaryotic bricks and is thus useful to trace the eukaryotes in their evolutionary paths and (2) the peroxisomal matrix protein import system shares mechanistic similarities with the endoplasmic reticulum/proteasome degradation process, indicating a common evolutionary history. We have then detected the Apicomplexa phylum as the first group of organisms devoid of peroxisomes, in the presence of mitochondria. Molecular phylogenetic and sequence comparison tools allowed us to identify four proteins as peroxisomal markers for unequivocal in silico peroxisome detection. To address this question, we have probed with a peroxisomal proteome, an “ensemble” of 19 representative eukaryotic complete genomes. ![]() ![]() The evolutionary origin of peroxisomes remains unsolved proposals for either a symbiogenetic or cellular membrane invagination event are unconclusive. Loss of peroxisomes invariably leads to fatal peroxisome biogenesis disorders in man. The peroxisome is an essential eukaryotic organelle, crucial for lipid metabolism and free radical detoxification, development, differentiation, and morphogenesis from yeasts to humans.
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